List of Formularies
- Rabbit Formulary
- Dog Formulary
- Cat Formulary
- Guinea Pig Formulary
- Rat Formulary
- Mouse Formulary
- Hamster Formulary
- Gerbil Formulary
- Reptile Formulary
- Amphibian Formulary
- Fish Formulary
- Chicken Formulary
- Swine Formulary
- Primate Formulary
- Small Ruminants
- Horse Formulary
- Ferret Formulary
- Literary References
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.2 mg/kg | IV, SC | 7, 17 | ||
| 0.1 mg/kg | IM | 17 | |||
| Acepromazine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | SC, IM | 17 | ||
| Diazepam | 1-2 mg/kg | IM, IV | 17 | ||
| Midazolam | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IM | 7 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine/Acepromazine | 50-75/1-5 mg/kg | IM | 4 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 35/5 mg/kg | IM, SC | 4, 17 | ||
| Ketamine/Midazolam | 5-30/0.2-2 mg/kg | IM, SC | 4, 7 | ||
| Ketamine/Diazepam | 10/2 mg/kg | IV | 4 | ||
| Propofol | 1.5-15 mg/kg | IV | 4, 2 | ||
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 2-4 hrs | 2, 4 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.01-0.05 | SC, IM, IV | q. 6-12 hrs | 2, 4, 7, 17 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 4 hrs | 2, 4, 7, 17 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Flunixin | 1.1 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 12 hrs | 2, 4, 17 | |
| Ibuprofen | 10-20 mg/kg | IV | q. 4 hrs | 4 | |
| 2-7.5 mg/kg | PO | q. 12-24 hrs | 7 | ||
| Ketoprofen | 1-3 mg/kg | IM | q. 12-24 hrs | 4, 7, 17 | |
| Carprofen | 1-5 mg/kg | SC | q. 24 hrs | 7, 17 | |
| 1.5 mg/kg | PO | q. 12 hrs | 4, 17 | ||
| Meloxicam | 0.3-0.6 mg/kg | SC, PO | q. 12-24 hrs | 2, 7, 17 | |
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV, IP | 4, 17 | Reverses opioids | |
| Nalbuphine | 1 mg/kg | IP, SC | |||
| 1-2 mg/kg | IV | q. 4-5 hrs | |||
| Yohimbine | 0.2 mg/kg | IV | 4 | Reverses xylazine | |
| Atipamezole | 0.2 mg/kg | IV | 4 | Reverses dexmedetomidine | |
| 1 mg/kg | SC, IV, IM | 4, 17 | Reverses dexmedetomidine |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.02-0.04 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 3, 5 | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.011 mg/kg | IM, SC, IV | 3 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.03-0.125 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | max of 3 mg | 3 | As an adjunct to anesthesia |
| Diazepam | 0.3-0.5 mg/kg | IV | 5 | Immediately prior to ketamine | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine/Diazepam | 10/0.5 mg/kg | IV | 5 | Induction and chemical restraint | |
| Telazol | 6.6-13.2 mg/kg | IM | 3 | ||
| Propofol | 5.5 mg/kg | IV slowly | 3 | <5 sec administration → apnea | |
| Thiopental | 13.2-26.4 mg/kg | IV | 3 | Dose depends on desired duration | |
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 0.5-2 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 4-6 hrs | 3 | |
| Fentanyl patch | see reference for size | Transdermal | 3 | Apply 12-24 hours before surgery | |
| Methadone | 0.5 mg/kg | IV, IM, SC | q. 6-8 hrs | 3 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.005-0.03 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 6-12hrs | 3 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 2-4 hrs | 3 | Analgesia lasts less than 1 hr |
| Oxymorphone | 0.05-0.2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 1-6 hrs | 3 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Dexmedetomidine | 2.5-5 ug/kg | IM | 6 | ||
| Carprofen | 4.4 mg/kg | PO, SC | q. 24hrs | 3 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.2 mg/kg on day 1 | PO, IV, SC | q. 24hrs | 3 | |
| 0.1 mg/kg on day 2 | PO, IV, SC | q. 24 hrs | 3 | ||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.04 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 3 | Reverses opioids | |
| Yohimbine | 0.11 mg/kg | IV | 3 | Reverses xylazine | |
| Atipamezole | 0.25 mg/kg | IV, IM | 3, 5 | Reverses dexmedetomidine |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PRE-ANESTHETIC | |||||
| Butorphanol | 0.2-0.4 mg/kg | IM, SC | 3 | Dose dependent on other agents being administered, consult reference for details | |
| Acepromazine | 0.05-0.1 mg/kg | IM, SC | 3 | ||
| INDUCTION | |||||
| Propofol | 6-8 mg/kg | IV | 3 | Dosed to effect | |
| ANESTHESIA | |||||
| Dexmedetomidine/Ketamine/Butorphanol | 0.035-0.065 mL/kg | 3 | Mix 1mg of 0.5 mg/ml dexmedetomidine, 1 ml of 100 mg/ml ketamine and 1 ml 10 mg/ml butorphanol,consult reference for details Reverse with Atipamazole – use same volume of dexmedetomodine IM |
||
| Isoflorane | 5% induction | Inhalation | 19 | ||
| 1.5-2.5% maintenance | Inhalation | 19 | |||
| ANALGESIA | |||||
| Buprenorphone (Simbadol) | 0.24 mg/kg | SC | SID | 3 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.01-0.03 mg/kg | IM, IV, oral transmucosal | BID-TID | 3 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM, SC, IV | 4-5x day | 3 | |
| Carprofen | 4 mg/kg | SC or IV | Once | 3 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.3 mg/kg | SC | Once | 3 | |
| 0.2 mg/kg on day 1 | SC, PO | 1st day | 3 | ||
| 0.05 mg/kg day 2 | PO | SID | 3 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.05-0.2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 7 | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | SC | 7 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IM | 7 | As an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| Diazepam | 0.5-3 mg/kg | IM, IV | 7 | As an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| Midazolam | 1-2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 7 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 20-40 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 87/13mg/kg | IM | 2 | Useful for longer procedures | |
| 30/5 mg/kg | SC, IP | 2 | |||
| Ketamine/Medetomidine | 40/0.5 mg/kg | IM, IP | 8 | ||
| Telazol | 50-100 mg/kg | IM | 2 | Ineffective analgesia | |
| Telazol/Xylazine/Butroph | 60/5/0.1 mg/kg | IP | 2 | ||
| Fentanyl/Droperidol | 0.22-0.088 mL/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| Fentanyl/Fluanisone | 0.5-1 mL/kg | IM | 8 | given 20 minutes after diazepam | |
| Isoflurane, Halothane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 4 hrs | 7 | |
| Meperidine | 10-20 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 2-3 hrs | 7 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.05 mg/kg | SC | q. 8-12 hrs | 7 | |
| Butorphanol | 1-2 mg/kg | SC | q. 4 hrs | 7 | |
| Oxymorphone | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | SC | 7 | ||
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Aspirin | 86 mg/kg | PO | q. 4 hrs (?) | 7 | ototoxic@50mg/kg |
| Xylazine | 2-10 mg/kg | SC, IP | 7 | Cause sedation, may cause muscle necrosis IM | |
| Medetomidine | 0.3-0.5 mg/kg | SC | 7 | Cause sedation | |
| Carprofen | 4 mg/kg | SC | 12-24 hrs | 7 | |
| Flunixin meglumine | 2.5 mg/kg | SC | 7 | ||
| Ketoprofen | 1 mg/kg | SC | 12-24 hrs | 7 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.1-0.3 mg/kg | SC, PO | 24 hrs | 7 | |
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg | IP, IV | 15 | Reverses opioids | |
| Yohimbine | 0.1-0.15 mg/kg | IV | 7 | Reverses xylazine | |
| Atipamezole | 1 mg/kg | IV | 7 | Reverses medetomidine |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.05-0.4 mg/kg | SC, IM | 8 | Some rats possess serum atropinesterase | |
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | SC, IM | 8, 4 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 22 mg/kg | IM | 8 | For light sedation | |
| 25-40 mg/kg | IM | 8 | For heavy sedation | ||
| 100 mg/kg | IM | 4 | For immobilization | ||
| 50-100 mg/kg | SC, IP | SC, IP | |||
| Ketamine/Acepromazine | 75/2.5 mg/kg | IM | 4 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 75-95/5 mg/kg | IM, IP | 8 | ||
| 50/5 mg/kg | SC, IP | 1 | |||
| Ketamine/Medetomidine | 75/0.5 mg/kg | IP | 4 | Not for major surgical procedure | |
| Telazol | 20-40 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| 40-80 mg/kg | IM | 8 | |||
| Pentobarbital | 30-45 mg/kg | IP | 8, 4 | ||
| Propofol | 7.5-10 mg/kg | IV | 8, 4 | ||
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Buprenorphine | 0.02-0.05 mg/kg (0.01-0.05 mg/kg per 3rd ed) | SC, IV, IP | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.2-2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IP | q. 2-4 hrs | 8 | |
| Morphine | 2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM, IP | q. 4 hrs | 8 | |
| Oxymorphine | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Tramadol | 5 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| 5-20 mg/kg | PO, SC | q. 12-24 hrs | 8 | ||
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Carprofen | 1.5-5 mg/kg | SC, PO | q. 12-24 hrs | 8 | |
| Ketoprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC, IM, PO | SID | 8 | |
| Meloxicam | 1-2 mg/kg | SC, PO | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Flunixin | 1.1-2.5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 12 hrs | ||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg | SC, IP, IV | 4, 8 | ||
| 2.1 mg/kg | IP | 4 | |||
| Yohimbine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IV | 8 | ||
| Atipamezole | 1 mg/kg | SC | 8, 4 | ||
| 1-2.5 mg/kg | IP | 8 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Isoflorane | 2-3% (induction) | Inhalation | As needed | 3 | |
| 0.25-2% (maintenance) | Inhalation | As needed | 3 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromaine | 80-100(K) + 5-10(X) + 3(A) mg/kg in the same syringe | IP | As needed | 14 | |
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 100(K) + 5-15(X) | IP | As needed | 3 | |
| Pentobarbital | 30-80 mg/kg | IP | As needed | 3 | |
| ANALGESIA | |||||
| Buprenorphine | 0.05-0.1 mg/kg | SC | q. 12 hrs | 3 | |
| Carprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC | q. 12-24 hrs | 3 | |
| Meloxicam | 1-10 mg/kg | IP | q. 12-24 hrs | 2 | |
| 1-2 mg/kg | PO, SC | 8 | |||
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | SQ, IM | 8 | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | SC | 8 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| Diazepam | 1-5 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| Midazolam | 1-2 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 20-40 mg/kg | IM | 8 | Light sedation, heavy sedation at higher doses with marked individual variation | |
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 80/5 mg/kg | SC, IP, IM | 8 | ||
| Telazol/Xylazine | 30/10 mg/kg | IP, IM | 8 | ||
| Pentobarbital | 50-90 mg/kg | IP | 8 | ||
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| Medetomidine | 0.1 mg/kg | SC | 8 | ||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 2-4 hr | 8 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.5 mg/kg | SC | q. 8 hrs | 8 | |
| Oxymorphone | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Butorphanol | 1-5 mg/kg | SC | q. 4 hrs | 8 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Carprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Ketoprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC, IM, PO | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Meloxicam | 1-2 mg/kg | SC, PO | q. 12 hrs | 8 | |
| Flunixin | 2.5 mg/kg | SC | q. 12-24 hrs | 8 | |
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg | SC, IP | 8 | Reverses Opioids | |
| Yohimbine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IV | 8 | Reverses Xylazine | |
| Atipamezolx | 1 mg/kg | SC | 8 | Reverses Medetomidine | |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | SC, IM | 8 | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | SC | 8 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.5-1.0 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 8 | As an adjunct to anesthesia, may precipitate seizures | |
| Diazepam | 1-5 mg/kg | IM | 8 | As an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| Midazolam | 1-2 mg/kg | IM | 8 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 40-60 mg/kg | IM | 8 | Best given with a sedative | |
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 50/2 mg/kg | IP | 8 | ||
| Ketamine/Medetomidine | 75/0.5 | IM, IP | 8 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromazine | 50/2/0.5 | SC, IP | 8 | ||
| Telazol | 60 mg/kg | SC, IP | 2 | ||
| Telazol/Xylazine | 20/10 mg/kg | IP | 8 | ||
| Pentobarbital | 50-90 mg/kg | IP | 8 | Dilute 1:10 in sterile water | |
| Propofol | 3-5 mg | IV | 8 | In prairie dogs | |
| Avertin | 250-300 mg/kg | IP | 8 | 1.25% solution: must be made fresh at each use | |
| Isoflurane, Halothane | To effect | Inhalation | 8 | ||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 2-4 hr | 8 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | SC, IV, IP | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Oxymorphone | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | SC | q. 6-12 hrs | 8 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Aspirin | 120 mg/kg | PO | q. 4 hrs | 8 | |
| Carprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Ketoprofen | 5 mg/kg | SC, IM, PO | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.5-2 mg/kg | SC, PO | q. 24 hrs | 8 | |
| Flunixin | 2.5 mg/kg | SC | q. 12-24 hrs | 8 | |
| Acetaminophen | 300 mg/kg | PO | q. 4 hrs | 8 | |
| Medetomidine | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | SC | 2, 8 | ||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.1 mg/kg | SC, IP | 8 | Reverses opioids | |
| Yohimbine | 0.5-1 mg/kg | IV | 8 | Reverses xylazine | |
| Atipamezole | 1 mg/kg | SC | 8 | Reverses medetomidine |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 10-60 mg/kg | IM, IV | 2, 8 | Most species | |
| Pentobarbital | 22-30 mg/kg | IM | 38 | Lizards | |
| 15-30 mg/kg | IC | 8 | Snakes | ||
| 10-18 mg/kg | IC | 8 | Chelonians | ||
| Telazol | 2-10 mg/kg | IM, IV, SC | 2, 8 | Lizards | |
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | May be prolonged due to breath holding | ||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Buprenorphine | 0.005-1 mg/kg | IM | q. 4-6 hrs | 8 | Most species |
| Butorphanol | 0.2-2 mg/kg | IM, IV, SC | q. 12-24 hrs | 2, 8 | Most species |
| NON-OPIODS | |||||
| Carprofen | 1-4 mg/kg | SC, IM, PO, IV | q. 24 hrs | 2, 8 | |
| Flunixin | 0.5-2 mg/kg | IM | q. 12-24 hrs | 2, 8 | se maximum of 3 days |
| Ketoprofen | 2 mg/kg | SC, IM | q. 24 hrs | 39 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | PO | q. 24 hrs | 39 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| MS-222 | 1-3 g/L | Immersion | 8 | No analgesic properties after recovery | |
| Pentobarbital | 40-50 mg/kg | Intracelomic | 8 | ||
| Ketamine | 50-150 mg/kg | SQ, IM | 8 | No analgesic properties after recovery | |
| Isoflurane | 0.025-0.035 ml/g | Topical | 8 | Mixed by combining 3 ml isoflurane with 1.5 ml of sterile water and 3.5 ml of KY Jelly | |
| Eugenol | 350 ul/L | Immersion | 20 | Xenopus laevis-immersion differences based on size of animal | |
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 38-42 mg | SQ | 8 | ||
| Butorphanol | 0.2-0.4 mg/kg | IM | q. 8-12 hrs | 8 | |
| Buprenorphine | 38 mg/kg | Dorsal lymph sac | q. 4-6 hrs | 8 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Benzocaine | 50 mg/L (larvae) | Immersion | 8 | Dissolve in ethanol first | |
| 200-300 mg/L | Bath to effect | 8 | Frogs, salamanders/dissolve in ethanol first | ||
| Dexmedetomidine | 40-120 mg/kg | SQ | 8 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 66-88 mg/kg | IM | 8, 18 | Immobilization for short procedures; complete recovery can take > 1 hr | |
| MS-222 | 25-100 mg/L | Immersion | 2 | Buffer with sodium bicarbonate to a pH 7.0-7.5 | |
| 140-164 mg/L | Immersion | 14 | Surgical plane for adult zebrafish | ||
| Propofol | 3.5-7.5 mg/kg | IV | 2 | Can cause respiratory depression and bradycardia | |
| Lidocaine HCl | 325 mg/L | Immersion | 14 | Aduilt zebrafish | |
| Eugenol (Clove oil, Aqui-S 20e) | 2-5 ppm | Immersion | 14 | Adult zebrafish | |
| 60-100 ppm | 14 | Adult zebrafish surgical plane | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 5 mg/kg | IM | 2 | ||
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | IM | SID | 1 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Carprofen | 2-4 mg/kg | IM | q. 72-96 hrs | 1 | |
| Flunixin | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg | IM | q. 72-96 hrs | 1 | |
| Ketoprofen | 2 mg/kg | IM | 1 | ||
| Meloxicam | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IM | q. 24-48 hrs | 1 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | SC, IV, IM | 8 | Preanesthetic dose | |
| 0.04-.01 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV, IO, IT | 8 | Bradycardia dose | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | IM, IV | 8 | For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens | |
| Acepromazine | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg | IM | 8 | Rarely used in birds (except ratites) | |
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 20-50 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 10 | ||
| Ketamine/Diazepam | 25/1-2 mg/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| 75 mg/kg Ketamine IV and 2.5 mg/kg diazepam | IM | 8 | Give diazepam 10 min after Ketamine | ||
| Ketamine/Midazolam | 25/0.2 mg/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 4.4/2.2 mg/kg | IV | 10 | ||
| Telazol | 5-10 mg/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| Propofol | 4.5-9.7 mg/kg | IV | 2 | ||
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Buprenorphine | 0.05-1 mg/kg | IA | 8 | No effect on pain behavior in chickens | |
| 0.01-0.05 mg/kg | IM | 11 | |||
| Butorphanol | 0.5-4 mg/kg | IM, IV | q. 1-4 hrs | 8 | For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens |
| Butorphanol/Midazolam | 1/1 mg/kg | 8 | Adequate sedation for lateral recumbency | ||
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Xylazine | 1-2.2 mg/kg | IM, IV | 8 | Raptor/psittacine dose | |
| Flunixin | 1-10 mg/kg | IM, IV | SID | 10, 11 | |
| 3 mg/kg | IM | 8 | Chicken-arthritis behaviors reduced 1 hr after treatment | ||
| Carprofen | 2-4 mg/kg | PO, SC | BID | 1 | |
| 1 mg/kg | SC | 8 | Chickens-improved locomotion for at least 90 min post-injection | ||
| 30 mg/kg | IM, IV | 8 | Chicken-arthritis painful behaviors reduced 1 hr post-treatment only with this high dose | ||
| 40 mg/kg BW in feed | In feed | 8 | Chickens-dosage required to reach similar mammalian therapeutic plasma concentrations | ||
| Meloxicam | 0.5 mg/kg | IV | 8 | ||
| 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | PO, IM | SID | 8 | Raptor/psittacine dose | |
| Ketoprofen | 5-10 mg/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| 12 mg/kg | IM | 8 | Chickens-reduced arthritic pain behvaiors for 12 hr | ||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 2 mg/kg | IV | q. 14-21 hrs | 8, 11 | For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens |
| Yohimbine | 0.1 mg/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| 0.1-1 mg/kg | 8 | For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens | |||
| Atipamezole | 250-380 ug/kg | IM | 10 | ||
| 1.3-1.6 mg/kg | IV | 8 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.05 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| 0.02 mg/kg | IV | 9 | |||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.004-0.01 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.11-1.1 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 2 | Used as an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| 1.1-2.2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 9 | |||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 11-33 mg/kg | IM | 9 | Not typically given as a sole agent in swine | |
| 3-33 mg/kg/h | IV Infusion | 9 | |||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 20/2 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| Ketamine/Diazepam | 15-20/2 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| Ketamine/Midazolam | 33 mg/kg/500 ug/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| 33/1.5 mg/kg/h | IV Infusion | 9 | |||
| Ketamine/Acepromazine | 33/1.1 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | ||
| Ketamine/Dexmedetomidine | 10/0.2 mg/kg | IM | 9 | ||
| Telazol | 2-8.8 mg/kg | IM | 9 | ||
| Telazol/Xylazine | 4.4/2.2 mg/kg | IM | 9 | Reconstitute telazole with 2.5 ml xylazine (100 mg/ml) + 2.5 ml sterlie saline; administer at 2.2 mg/kg IM based on 50 mg/ml
*Note: the reconstitution directions above do not appear in Swindle 3rd edition |
|
| Telazol/Dexemedetomidine | 4.4/0.04 mg/kg | IM | 9 | ||
| Telazol/Ketamine/Xylazine | 4.4/2.2/2.2 mg/kg | IM | 9 | ||
| Propofol | 0.82-1.66 mg/kg | IV | 2, 9 | Used for induction and followed by incremental IV boluses | |
| 4-20 mg/kg | IV | 9 | |||
| 12-20 mg/kg/h | IV infusion | 9 | |||
| Etomidate | 4-8 mg/kg | IV | 9 | Used for induction, or in combination with ketamine for CRI anesthesia | |
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 2.2 mg/kg | SC/IM | q. 4 hrs | 9 | Up to 20 mg total dose. Can cause excitement. Has a short half-life |
| Buprenorphine | 0.01-0.05 mg/kg | IM, SC | BID/TID | 2, 9 | |
| 0.005-0.01 mg/kg | IM, SC | BID/TID | 4 | ||
| Butorphanol | 0.1-0.3 mg/kg | IM, SC | q. 4-6 hrs | 2 | |
| 0.1-0.3 mg/kg | IM, SC | BID/TID | 9 | ||
| Oxymorphone | 0.15 mg/kg | IM, SC | q. 4 hrs (IM), BID/TID | 2 | |
| Fentanyl transdermal patches | 5 ug/kg/h (highly variable) | Topical | 9 | ||
| Tramadol | 1-4 mg/kg | PO | TID | 9 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Aspirin | 10-20 mg/kg | PO | q. 4 hrs | 2 | |
| 10-20 mg/kg | PO | QID | 9 | ||
| Flunixin | 1-4 mg/kg | SC/IM | q. 12-24 hrs | 2, 9 | |
| Phenylbutazone | 10-20 mg/kg | PO | BID | 2 | |
| 5-20 mg/kg | PO | BID | 9 | ||
| Carprofen | 2-4 mg/kg | PO, SC | SID (SC), BID (PO) | 9 | |
| Meloxicam | 0.1-0.4 mg/kg | SC | SID | 2, 9 | |
| Banamine-S | |||||
| Ketoprofen | 1-3 mg/kg | IM, SC, PO | BID | 9 | |
| Ketorolac | 1mg/kg | IM, SC, PO | BID | 9 | |
| LOCAL ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Morphine | 0.1 mg/kg | Epidural | 9 | Lumbosacral | |
| Lidocaine | 4.5 mg/kg | 9 | |||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.5-2 mg/kg | IV | 2, 9 | Reverses opioids | |
| 0.005-0.02 mg/kg | IV, IM, SC | 9 | |||
| Nalbuphine | 1-2 mg/kg | IV, IM | 9 | Partial reversal of opioids | |
| Yohimbine | 1 mg/kg | IV | 9 | Reverses xylazine | |
| Atipamezole | 1 mg/kg | IM, SC | 9 | Reverses alpha-2 agonists | |
| 0.24 mg/kg | IV | 9 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.04 mg/kg | IM | Once prior to inhalant anesthesia | 13 | |
| ANESTHESIA | |||||
| Ketamine | 5-30 mg/kg | IM | 13 | ||
| Dexmedetomidine | 0.0075-0.15 mg/kg | IM | 13 | Reverse with Atipamazole at volume equal to that of dexmedetomidine administered | |
| Isoflurane | 0.5-3% | Inhalation | 13 | ||
| ANALGESIA | |||||
| Oxymorphone | 0.15 mg/kg | IM | TID | 13 | |
| Buprenorphine | 0.01-0.03 | IM | BID-TID | 13 | |
| Ketoprofen | 1-2 mg/kg | IM | SID | 13 |
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PREMEDICATION | |||||
| Acepromazine | 0.05-0.1 mg/kg | IM | 3, 12 | As an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| Diazepam | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | IV (slow) | 12 | As an adjunct to anesthesia | |
| 0.2-1 mg/kg | IM, SC | 12 | |||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 2-4 mg/kg | IV | 12 | Sheep/goat | |
| 22 mg/kg | SC, IM | 12 | Sheep/goat | ||
| 11 mg/kg | SC, IM | 12 | Goat | ||
| Telazol | 2-6 mg/kg | IM | 12 | ||
| 1-4 mg/kg (5.5 mg/kg anesthesia for 100 min) | IV | 12 | |||
| Propofol | 2-8 mg/kg (induction) | IV | to effect | 12 | Sheep/goat |
| 0.3-0.6 mg/kg/hour (maintenance) | IV | 12 | Sheep/goat | ||
| 3-5 mg/kg | IV | to effect | 12 | Goat | |
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM | q. 4 hrs | 12 | |
| 0.5-1 mg/kg | IV | q. 12 hrs | 12 | ||
| 0.05-1 mg/kg epidural | Epidural | 24 hours duration | 12 | ||
| Buprenorphine | 0.005-0.001 mg/kg | SQ | q. 6 hrs | 12 | |
| 0.005 – 0.01 mg/kg | IM, IV | q. 8-12 hrs | 12 | ||
| Butorphanol | 0.5 mg/kg | SC | q. 6 hrs | 12 | |
| 0.05-0.5 mg/kg | IV, IM | q. 2-4 hrs | 12 | ||
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Xylazine | 0.05-0.1 mg/kg | IM, IV | 3, 12 | Use with extreme caution! | |
| NSAID’S | |||||
| Flunixin meglumine | 1-2.2 mg/kg | IV, IM | q. 24 hrs | 3, 12 | |
| 1-4 mg/kg | PO | q. 24 hrs | 3, 12 | ||
| 1-2.5 mg/kg | SC | q. 12 hrs | 12 | ||
| Meloxicam | 0.5 mg/kg | IV | q. 12 hrs | 3 | Sheep |
| 0.5 mg/kg | IV | q. 8 hrs | 3 | Goats | |
| 2 mg/kg first day, taper to 1 mg/kg | PO | q. 24 hr | 3 | Sheep | |
| 0.5 mg/kg | PO, IM | q. 24 hr | 3 | Goats | |
| LOCAL ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Lidocaine | 0.05 mg/kg | Infiltration | 12 | ||
| 1 mL of 2%/50kg | Epidural | 12 | |||
| 0.22-4 mg/kg | Epidural | 12 | |||
| 1 mg/kg | Intrapleural | 12 | |||
| Bupivacaine | 0.05 mg/kg | Tissue inflitration, epidural | 12 | ||
| 1 mg/kg% | Intrapleural | 12 | |||
| ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST | |||||
| Naloxone | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | IV | to effect | 12 | Reverses opioids |
| Yohimbine | 0.125-0.3 mg/kg | IV | 12 | Reverses xylazine | |
| 0.3-0.5 mg/kg | IM | 12 |
Horse Formulary
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PRE-MEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.01-0.02 mg/kg | IV | Once prior to inhalant anesthesia | 3 | |
| SEDATION/CHEMICAL RESISTANT | |||||
| Xylazine | 1.1 mg/kg | IV | 3 | ||
| 2.2 mg/kg | IM | 3 | |||
| Detomidine | 0.02-0.04 mg/kg | IV, IM | 3 | ||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Oxymorphone | 0.01-0.03 mg/kg | IV, IM | 3 | ||
| Buprenorphine | 0.01 mg/kg | IV | 3 | ||
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Flunixin meglumine | 1.1 mg/kg | IV, IM, PO | SID | 3 | Up to 5 days maximum |
| Phenylbutazone | 1-2 gm/454 kg | IV, IM, PO | SID | 3 | Up to 5 days maximum, do not exceed 4 gm/day |
| 4.4 mg/kg first dose, then 2.2 mg/kg | PO | BID | 3 |
Ferret Formulary
| DOSE | ROUTE | FREQUENCY | REFERENCE | NOTES | |
| PRE-MEDICATION | |||||
| Atropine | 0.04-0.05 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | 4, 8 | ||
| Glycopyrolate | 0.01 mg/kg | SC, IM | 4, 8 | ||
| Acepromazine | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | SC, IM | 4, 8 | ||
| Diazepam | 0.5-3 mg/kg | SC, IM | 4, 8 | ||
| ANESTHETICS | |||||
| Ketamine | 10-60 mg/kg | IM | 4, 8 | ||
| Ketamine/Xylazine | 10-30/1-6 mg/kg | IM | 4, 8 | ||
| Ketamine/Butorphanol/Xylazine | 15/0.2/2 mg/kg | IM | 3 | ||
| Telazol | 12-22 mg/kg | IM | 3 | ||
| Propofol | 1-8 mg/kg | IV | 3, 8 | ||
| Isoflurane | To effect | Inhalation | |||
| OPIOIDS | |||||
| Morphine | 0.2-5 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 3-4 hrs | 3, 8 | May vomit, bradycardia and respiratory depression if >0.5 mg/kg |
| Buprenophine | 0.01-0.05 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 6-8 hrs | 3, 8 | |
| Butorphanol | 0.05-0.8 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV | q. 1-2 hrs | 3, 8 | |
| NON-OPIOIDS | |||||
| Flunixin | 0.3-2 mg/kg | PO, SC, IM, IV | q. 24 hrs | 4, 8 | |
| Ketoprofen | 1-3 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV, PO | q. 24 hrs | 3, 8 | |
| Carprofen | 1-5 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV, PO | q. 24 hrs | 3, 8 | |
| Meoxicam | 0.2 mg/kg | SC, IM, IV, PO | q. 24 hrs | 3, 8 |