List of Formularies

Rabbit Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.2 mg/kg IV, SC 7, 17
0.1 mg/kg IM 17
Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg SC, IM 17
Diazepam 1-2 mg/kg IM, IV 17
Midazolam 0.5-1 mg/kg IM 7
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine/Acepromazine 50-75/1-5 mg/kg IM 4
Ketamine/Xylazine 35/5 mg/kg IM, SC 4, 17
Ketamine/Midazolam 5-30/0.2-2 mg/kg IM, SC 4, 7
Ketamine/Diazepam 10/2 mg/kg IV 4
Propofol 1.5-15 mg/kg IV 4, 2
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 2-4 hrs 2, 4
Buprenorphine 0.01-0.05 SC, IM, IV q. 6-12 hrs 2, 4, 7, 17
Butorphanol 0.1-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 4 hrs 2, 4, 7, 17
NON-OPIOIDS
Flunixin 1.1 mg/kg SC, IM q. 12 hrs 2, 4, 17
Ibuprofen 10-20 mg/kg IV q. 4 hrs 4
2-7.5 mg/kg PO q. 12-24 hrs 7
Ketoprofen 1-3 mg/kg IM q. 12-24 hrs 4, 7, 17
Carprofen 1-5 mg/kg SC q. 24 hrs 7, 17
1.5 mg/kg PO q. 12 hrs 4, 17
Meloxicam 0.3-0.6 mg/kg SC, PO q. 12-24 hrs 2, 7, 17
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.1 mg/kg SC, IM, IV, IP 4, 17 Reverses opioids
Nalbuphine 1 mg/kg IP, SC
1-2 mg/kg IV q. 4-5 hrs
Yohimbine 0.2 mg/kg IV 4 Reverses xylazine
Atipamezole 0.2 mg/kg IV 4 Reverses dexmedetomidine
1 mg/kg SC, IV, IM 4, 17 Reverses dexmedetomidine

Dog Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.02-0.04 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 3, 5
Glycopyrolate 0.011 mg/kg IM, SC, IV 3
Acepromazine 0.03-0.125 mg/kg SC, IM, IV max of 3 mg 3 As an adjunct to anesthesia
Diazepam 0.3-0.5 mg/kg IV 5 Immediately prior to ketamine
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine/Diazepam 10/0.5 mg/kg IV 5 Induction and chemical restraint
Telazol 6.6-13.2 mg/kg IM 3
Propofol 5.5 mg/kg IV slowly 3 <5 sec administration → apnea
Thiopental 13.2-26.4 mg/kg IV 3 Dose depends on desired duration
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 0.5-2 mg/kg SC, IM q. 4-6 hrs 3
Fentanyl patch see reference for size Transdermal 3 Apply 12-24 hours before surgery
Methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV, IM, SC q. 6-8 hrs 3
Buprenorphine 0.005-0.03 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 6-12hrs 3
Butorphanol 0.1-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 2-4 hrs 3 Analgesia lasts less than 1 hr
Oxymorphone 0.05-0.2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 1-6 hrs 3
NON-OPIOIDS
Dexmedetomidine 2.5-5 ug/kg IM 6
Carprofen 4.4 mg/kg PO, SC q. 24hrs 3
Meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg on day 1 PO, IV, SC q. 24hrs 3
0.1 mg/kg on day 2 PO, IV, SC q. 24 hrs 3
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.04 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 3 Reverses opioids
Yohimbine 0.11 mg/kg IV 3 Reverses xylazine
Atipamezole 0.25 mg/kg IV, IM 3, 5 Reverses dexmedetomidine

Cat Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PRE-ANESTHETIC
Butorphanol 0.2-0.4 mg/kg IM, SC 3 Dose dependent on other agents being administered, consult reference for details
Acepromazine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM, SC 3
INDUCTION
Propofol 6-8 mg/kg IV 3 Dosed to effect
ANESTHESIA
Dexmedetomidine/Ketamine/Butorphanol 0.035-0.065 mL/kg 3 Mix 1mg of 0.5 mg/ml dexmedetomidine, 1 ml of 100 mg/ml ketamine and 1 ml 10 mg/ml butorphanol,consult reference for details
Reverse with Atipamazole – use same volume of dexmedetomodine IM
Isoflorane 5% induction Inhalation 19
1.5-2.5% maintenance Inhalation 19
ANALGESIA
Buprenorphone (Simbadol) 0.24 mg/kg SC SID 3
Buprenorphine 0.01-0.03 mg/kg IM, IV, oral transmucosal BID-TID 3
Butorphanol 0.1-0.5 mg/kg IM, SC, IV 4-5x day 3
Carprofen 4 mg/kg SC or IV Once 3
Meloxicam 0.3 mg/kg SC Once 3
0.2 mg/kg on day 1 SC, PO 1st day 3
0.05 mg/kg day 2 PO SID 3

Guinea Pig Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.05-0.2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 7
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.02 mg/kg SC 7
Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg IM 7 As an adjunct to anesthesia
Diazepam 0.5-3 mg/kg IM, IV 7 As an adjunct to anesthesia
Midazolam 1-2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 7
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 20-40 mg/kg IM 8
Ketamine/Xylazine 87/13mg/kg IM 2 Useful for longer procedures
30/5 mg/kg SC, IP 2
Ketamine/Medetomidine 40/0.5 mg/kg IM, IP 8
Telazol 50-100 mg/kg IM 2 Ineffective analgesia
Telazol/Xylazine/Butroph 60/5/0.1 mg/kg IP 2
Fentanyl/Droperidol 0.22-0.088 mL/kg IM 8
Fentanyl/Fluanisone 0.5-1 mL/kg IM 8 given 20 minutes after diazepam
Isoflurane, Halothane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 4 hrs 7
Meperidine 10-20 mg/kg SC, IM q. 2-3 hrs 7
Buprenorphine 0.05 mg/kg SC q. 8-12 hrs 7
Butorphanol 1-2 mg/kg SC q. 4 hrs 7
Oxymorphone 0.2-0.5 mg/kg SC 7
NON-OPIOIDS
Aspirin 86 mg/kg PO q. 4 hrs (?) 7 ototoxic@50mg/kg
Xylazine 2-10 mg/kg SC, IP 7 Cause sedation, may cause muscle necrosis IM
Medetomidine 0.3-0.5 mg/kg SC 7 Cause sedation
Carprofen 4 mg/kg SC 12-24 hrs 7
Flunixin meglumine 2.5 mg/kg SC 7
Ketoprofen 1 mg/kg SC 12-24 hrs 7
Meloxicam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg SC, PO 24 hrs 7
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.1 mg/kg IP, IV 15 Reverses opioids
Yohimbine 0.1-0.15 mg/kg IV 7 Reverses xylazine
Atipamezole 1 mg/kg IV 7 Reverses medetomidine

Rat Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.05-0.4 mg/kg SC, IM 8 Some rats possess serum atropinesterase
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.02 mg/kg SC, IM 8, 4
Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg IM 8
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 22 mg/kg IM 8 For light sedation
25-40 mg/kg IM 8 For heavy sedation
100 mg/kg IM 4 For immobilization
50-100 mg/kg SC, IP SC, IP
Ketamine/Acepromazine 75/2.5 mg/kg IM 4
Ketamine/Xylazine 75-95/5 mg/kg IM, IP 8
50/5 mg/kg SC, IP 1
Ketamine/Medetomidine 75/0.5 mg/kg IP 4 Not for major surgical procedure
Telazol 20-40 mg/kg IM 8
40-80 mg/kg IM 8
Pentobarbital 30-45 mg/kg IP 8, 4
Propofol 7.5-10 mg/kg IV 8, 4
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Buprenorphine 0.02-0.05 mg/kg (0.01-0.05 mg/kg per 3rd ed) SC, IV, IP q. 6-12 hrs 8
Butorphanol 0.2-2 mg/kg SC, IM, IP q. 2-4 hrs 8
Morphine 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM, IP q. 4 hrs 8
Oxymorphine 0.2-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 6-12 hrs 8
Tramadol 5 mg/kg IM 8
5-20 mg/kg PO, SC q. 12-24 hrs 8
NON-OPIOIDS
Carprofen 1.5-5 mg/kg SC, PO q. 12-24 hrs 8
Ketoprofen 5 mg/kg SC, IM, PO SID 8
Meloxicam 1-2 mg/kg SC, PO q. 24 hrs 8
Flunixin 1.1-2.5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 12 hrs
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.1 mg/kg SC, IP, IV 4, 8
2.1 mg/kg IP 4
Yohimbine 0.5-1 mg/kg IV 8
Atipamezole 1 mg/kg SC 8, 4
1-2.5 mg/kg IP 8

Mouse Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
ANESTHETICS
Isoflorane 2-3% (induction) Inhalation As needed 3
0.25-2% (maintenance) Inhalation As needed 3
Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromaine 80-100(K) + 5-10(X) + 3(A) mg/kg in the same syringe IP As needed 14
Ketamine/Xylazine 100(K) + 5-15(X) IP As needed 3
Pentobarbital 30-80 mg/kg IP As needed 3
ANALGESIA
Buprenorphine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg SC q. 12 hrs 3
Carprofen 5 mg/kg SC q. 12-24 hrs 3
Meloxicam 1-10 mg/kg IP q. 12-24 hrs 2
1-2 mg/kg PO, SC 8

Hamster Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.1-0.4 mg/kg SQ, IM 8
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.02 mg/kg SC 8
Acepromazine 0.5-1 mg/kg IM 8
Diazepam 1-5 mg/kg IM 8
Midazolam 1-2 mg/kg IM 8
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 20-40 mg/kg IM 8 Light sedation, heavy sedation at higher doses with marked individual variation
Ketamine/Xylazine 80/5 mg/kg SC, IP, IM 8
Telazol/Xylazine 30/10 mg/kg IP, IM 8
Pentobarbital 50-90 mg/kg IP 8
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
Medetomidine 0.1 mg/kg SC 8
OPIOIDS
Morphine 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 2-4 hr 8
Buprenorphine 0.5 mg/kg SC q. 8 hrs 8
Oxymorphone 0.2-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 6-12 hrs 8
Butorphanol 1-5 mg/kg SC q. 4 hrs 8
NON-OPIOIDS
Carprofen 5 mg/kg SC q. 24 hrs 8
Ketoprofen 5 mg/kg SC, IM, PO q. 24 hrs 8
Meloxicam 1-2 mg/kg SC, PO q. 12 hrs 8
Flunixin 2.5 mg/kg SC q. 12-24 hrs 8
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.1 mg/kg SC, IP 8 Reverses Opioids
Yohimbine 0.5-1 mg/kg IV 8 Reverses Xylazine
Atipamezolx 1 mg/kg SC 8 Reverses Medetomidine

Gerbil Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.1-0.4 mg/kg SC, IM 8
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.02 mg/kg SC 8
Acepromazine 0.5-1.0 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 8 As an adjunct to anesthesia, may precipitate seizures
Diazepam 1-5 mg/kg IM 8 As an adjunct to anesthesia
Midazolam 1-2 mg/kg IM 8
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 40-60 mg/kg IM 8 Best given with a sedative
Ketamine/Xylazine 50/2 mg/kg IP 8
Ketamine/Medetomidine 75/0.5 IM, IP 8
Ketamine/Xylazine/Acepromazine 50/2/0.5 SC, IP 8
Telazol 60 mg/kg SC, IP 2
Telazol/Xylazine 20/10 mg/kg IP 8
Pentobarbital 50-90 mg/kg IP 8 Dilute 1:10 in sterile water
Propofol 3-5 mg IV 8 In prairie dogs
Avertin 250-300 mg/kg IP 8 1.25% solution: must be made fresh at each use
Isoflurane, Halothane To effect Inhalation 8
OPIOIDS
Morphine 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 2-4 hr 8
Buprenorphine 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC, IV, IP q. 6-12 hrs 8
Oxymorphone 0.2-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM q. 6-12 hrs 8
Butorphanol 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC q. 6-12 hrs 8
NON-OPIOIDS
Aspirin 120 mg/kg PO q. 4 hrs 8
Carprofen 5 mg/kg SC q. 24 hrs 8
Ketoprofen 5 mg/kg SC, IM, PO q. 24 hrs 8
Meloxicam 0.5-2 mg/kg SC, PO q. 24 hrs 8
Flunixin 2.5 mg/kg SC q. 12-24 hrs 8
Acetaminophen 300 mg/kg PO q. 4 hrs 8
Medetomidine 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC 2, 8
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.1 mg/kg SC, IP 8 Reverses opioids
Yohimbine 0.5-1 mg/kg IV 8 Reverses xylazine
Atipamezole 1 mg/kg SC 8 Reverses medetomidine

Reptile Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 10-60 mg/kg IM, IV 2, 8 Most species
Pentobarbital 22-30 mg/kg IM 38 Lizards
15-30 mg/kg IC 8 Snakes
10-18 mg/kg IC 8 Chelonians
Telazol 2-10 mg/kg IM, IV, SC 2, 8 Lizards
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation May be prolonged due to breath holding
OPIOIDS
Buprenorphine 0.005-1 mg/kg IM q. 4-6 hrs 8 Most species
Butorphanol 0.2-2 mg/kg IM, IV, SC q. 12-24 hrs 2, 8 Most species
NON-OPIODS
Carprofen 1-4 mg/kg SC, IM, PO, IV q. 24 hrs 2, 8
Flunixin 0.5-2 mg/kg IM q. 12-24 hrs 2, 8 se maximum of 3 days
Ketoprofen 2 mg/kg SC, IM q. 24 hrs 39
Meloxicam 0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO q. 24 hrs 39

Amphibian Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
ANESTHETICS
MS-222 1-3 g/L Immersion 8 No analgesic properties after recovery
Pentobarbital 40-50 mg/kg Intracelomic 8
Ketamine 50-150 mg/kg SQ, IM 8 No analgesic properties after recovery
Isoflurane 0.025-0.035 ml/g Topical 8 Mixed by combining 3 ml isoflurane with 1.5 ml of sterile water and 3.5 ml of KY Jelly
Eugenol 350 ul/L Immersion 20 Xenopus laevis-immersion differences based on size of animal
OPIOIDS
Morphine 38-42 mg SQ 8
Butorphanol 0.2-0.4 mg/kg IM q. 8-12 hrs 8
Buprenorphine 38 mg/kg Dorsal lymph sac q. 4-6 hrs 8
NON-OPIOIDS
Benzocaine 50 mg/L (larvae) Immersion 8 Dissolve in ethanol first
200-300 mg/L Bath to effect 8 Frogs, salamanders/dissolve in ethanol first
Dexmedetomidine 40-120 mg/kg SQ 8

Fish Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 66-88 mg/kg IM 8, 18 Immobilization for short procedures; complete recovery can take > 1 hr
MS-222 25-100 mg/L Immersion 2 Buffer with sodium bicarbonate to a pH 7.0-7.5
140-164 mg/L Immersion 14 Surgical plane for adult zebrafish
Propofol 3.5-7.5 mg/kg IV 2 Can cause respiratory depression and bradycardia
Lidocaine HCl 325 mg/L Immersion 14 Aduilt zebrafish
Eugenol (Clove oil, Aqui-S 20e) 2-5 ppm Immersion 14 Adult zebrafish
60-100 ppm 14 Adult zebrafish surgical plane
OPIOIDS
Morphine 5 mg/kg IM 2
Butorphanol 0.1-0.4 mg/kg IM SID 1
NON-OPIOIDS
Carprofen 2-4 mg/kg IM q. 72-96 hrs 1
Flunixin 0.25-0.5 mg/kg IM q. 72-96 hrs 1
Ketoprofen 2 mg/kg IM 1
Meloxicam 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM q. 24-48 hrs 1

Chicken Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.01-0.02 mg/kg SC, IV, IM 8 Preanesthetic dose
0.04-.01 mg/kg SC, IM, IV, IO, IT 8 Bradycardia dose
Glycopyrolate 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IM, IV 8 For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens
Acepromazine 0.25-0.5 mg/kg IM 8 Rarely used in birds (except ratites)
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 20-50 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 10
Ketamine/Diazepam 25/1-2 mg/kg IM 10
75 mg/kg Ketamine IV and 2.5 mg/kg diazepam IM 8 Give diazepam 10 min after Ketamine
Ketamine/Midazolam 25/0.2 mg/kg IM 10
Ketamine/Xylazine 4.4/2.2 mg/kg IV 10
Telazol 5-10 mg/kg IM 10
Propofol 4.5-9.7 mg/kg IV 2
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Buprenorphine 0.05-1 mg/kg IA 8 No effect on pain behavior in chickens
0.01-0.05 mg/kg IM 11
Butorphanol 0.5-4 mg/kg IM, IV q. 1-4 hrs 8 For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens
Butorphanol/Midazolam 1/1 mg/kg 8 Adequate sedation for lateral recumbency
NON-OPIOIDS
Xylazine 1-2.2 mg/kg IM, IV 8 Raptor/psittacine dose
Flunixin 1-10 mg/kg IM, IV SID 10, 11
3 mg/kg IM 8 Chicken-arthritis behaviors reduced 1 hr after treatment
Carprofen 2-4 mg/kg PO, SC BID 1
1 mg/kg SC 8 Chickens-improved locomotion for at least 90 min post-injection
30 mg/kg IM, IV 8 Chicken-arthritis painful behaviors reduced 1 hr post-treatment only with this high dose
40 mg/kg BW in feed In feed 8 Chickens-dosage required to reach similar mammalian therapeutic plasma concentrations
Meloxicam 0.5 mg/kg IV 8
0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO, IM SID 8 Raptor/psittacine dose
Ketoprofen 5-10 mg/kg IM 10
12 mg/kg IM 8 Chickens-reduced arthritic pain behvaiors for 12 hr
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 2 mg/kg IV q. 14-21 hrs 8, 11 For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens
Yohimbine 0.1 mg/kg IM 10
0.1-1 mg/kg 8 For “most species” of birds, not specifically chickens
Atipamezole 250-380 ug/kg IM 10
1.3-1.6 mg/kg IV 8

Swine Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.05 mg/kg IM, SC 9
0.02 mg/kg IV 9
Glycopyrolate 0.004-0.01 mg/kg IM, SC 9
Acepromazine 0.11-1.1 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 2 Used as an adjunct to anesthesia
1.1-2.2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 9
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 11-33 mg/kg IM 9 Not typically given as a sole agent in swine
3-33 mg/kg/h IV Infusion 9
Ketamine/Xylazine 20/2 mg/kg IM, SC 9
Ketamine/Diazepam 15-20/2 mg/kg IM, SC 9
Ketamine/Midazolam 33 mg/kg/500 ug/kg IM, SC 9
33/1.5 mg/kg/h IV Infusion 9
Ketamine/Acepromazine 33/1.1 mg/kg IM, SC 9
Ketamine/Dexmedetomidine 10/0.2 mg/kg IM 9
Telazol 2-8.8 mg/kg IM 9
Telazol/Xylazine 4.4/2.2 mg/kg IM 9 Reconstitute telazole with 2.5 ml xylazine (100 mg/ml) + 2.5 ml sterlie saline; administer at 2.2 mg/kg IM based on 50 mg/ml

*Note: the reconstitution directions above do not appear in Swindle 3rd edition
Telazol/Dexemedetomidine 4.4/0.04 mg/kg IM 9
Telazol/Ketamine/Xylazine 4.4/2.2/2.2 mg/kg IM 9
Propofol 0.82-1.66 mg/kg IV 2, 9 Used for induction and followed by incremental IV boluses
4-20 mg/kg IV 9
12-20 mg/kg/h IV infusion 9
Etomidate 4-8 mg/kg IV 9 Used for induction, or in combination with ketamine for CRI anesthesia
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 2.2 mg/kg SC/IM q. 4 hrs 9 Up to 20 mg total dose. Can cause excitement. Has a short half-life
Buprenorphine 0.01-0.05 mg/kg IM, SC BID/TID 2, 9
0.005-0.01 mg/kg IM, SC BID/TID 4
Butorphanol 0.1-0.3 mg/kg IM, SC q. 4-6 hrs 2
0.1-0.3 mg/kg IM, SC BID/TID 9
Oxymorphone 0.15 mg/kg IM, SC q. 4 hrs (IM), BID/TID 2
Fentanyl transdermal patches 5 ug/kg/h (highly variable) Topical 9
Tramadol 1-4 mg/kg PO TID 9
NON-OPIOIDS
Aspirin 10-20 mg/kg PO q. 4 hrs 2
10-20 mg/kg PO QID 9
Flunixin 1-4 mg/kg SC/IM q. 12-24 hrs 2, 9
Phenylbutazone 10-20 mg/kg PO BID 2
5-20 mg/kg PO BID 9
Carprofen 2-4 mg/kg PO, SC SID (SC), BID (PO) 9
Meloxicam 0.1-0.4 mg/kg SC SID 2, 9
Banamine-S
Ketoprofen 1-3 mg/kg IM, SC, PO BID 9
Ketorolac 1mg/kg IM, SC, PO BID 9
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Morphine 0.1 mg/kg Epidural 9 Lumbosacral
Lidocaine 4.5 mg/kg 9
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.5-2 mg/kg IV 2, 9 Reverses opioids
0.005-0.02 mg/kg IV, IM, SC 9
Nalbuphine 1-2 mg/kg IV, IM 9 Partial reversal of opioids
Yohimbine 1 mg/kg IV 9 Reverses xylazine
Atipamezole 1 mg/kg IM, SC 9 Reverses alpha-2 agonists
0.24 mg/kg IV 9

Primate Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Atropine 0.04 mg/kg IM Once prior to inhalant anesthesia 13
ANESTHESIA
Ketamine 5-30 mg/kg IM 13
Dexmedetomidine 0.0075-0.15 mg/kg IM 13 Reverse with Atipamazole at volume equal to that of dexmedetomidine administered
Isoflurane 0.5-3% Inhalation 13
ANALGESIA
Oxymorphone 0.15 mg/kg IM TID 13
Buprenorphine 0.01-0.03 IM BID-TID 13
Ketoprofen 1-2 mg/kg IM SID 13

Small Ruminants

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PREMEDICATION
Acepromazine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM 3, 12 As an adjunct to anesthesia
Diazepam 0.2-0.5 mg/kg IV (slow) 12 As an adjunct to anesthesia
0.2-1 mg/kg IM, SC 12
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 2-4 mg/kg IV 12 Sheep/goat
22 mg/kg SC, IM 12 Sheep/goat
11 mg/kg SC, IM 12 Goat
Telazol 2-6 mg/kg IM 12
1-4 mg/kg (5.5 mg/kg anesthesia for 100 min) IV 12
Propofol 2-8 mg/kg (induction) IV to effect 12 Sheep/goat
0.3-0.6 mg/kg/hour (maintenance) IV 12 Sheep/goat
3-5 mg/kg IV to effect 12 Goat
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 0.1-0.5 mg/kg IM q. 4 hrs 12
0.5-1 mg/kg IV q. 12 hrs 12
0.05-1 mg/kg epidural Epidural 24 hours duration 12
Buprenorphine 0.005-0.001 mg/kg SQ q. 6 hrs 12
0.005 – 0.01 mg/kg IM, IV q. 8-12 hrs 12
Butorphanol 0.5 mg/kg SC q. 6 hrs 12
0.05-0.5 mg/kg IV, IM q. 2-4 hrs 12
NON-OPIOIDS
Xylazine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IM, IV 3, 12 Use with extreme caution!
NSAID’S
Flunixin meglumine 1-2.2 mg/kg IV, IM q. 24 hrs 3, 12
1-4 mg/kg PO q. 24 hrs 3, 12
1-2.5 mg/kg SC q. 12 hrs 12
Meloxicam 0.5 mg/kg IV q. 12 hrs 3 Sheep
0.5 mg/kg IV q. 8 hrs 3 Goats
2 mg/kg first day, taper to 1 mg/kg PO q. 24 hr 3 Sheep
0.5 mg/kg PO, IM q. 24 hr 3 Goats
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Lidocaine 0.05 mg/kg Infiltration 12
1 mL of 2%/50kg Epidural 12
0.22-4 mg/kg Epidural 12
1 mg/kg Intrapleural 12
Bupivacaine 0.05 mg/kg Tissue inflitration, epidural 12
1 mg/kg% Intrapleural 12
ANESTHETIC ANTAGONIST
Naloxone 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV to effect 12 Reverses opioids
Yohimbine 0.125-0.3 mg/kg IV 12 Reverses xylazine
0.3-0.5 mg/kg IM 12

Horse Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PRE-MEDICATION
Atropine 0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV Once prior to inhalant anesthesia 3
SEDATION/CHEMICAL RESISTANT
Xylazine 1.1 mg/kg IV 3
2.2 mg/kg IM 3
Detomidine 0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV, IM 3
OPIOIDS
Oxymorphone 0.01-0.03 mg/kg IV, IM 3
Buprenorphine 0.01 mg/kg IV 3
NON-OPIOIDS
Flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg IV, IM, PO SID 3 Up to 5 days maximum
Phenylbutazone 1-2 gm/454 kg IV, IM, PO SID 3 Up to 5 days maximum, do not exceed 4 gm/day
4.4 mg/kg first dose, then 2.2 mg/kg PO BID 3

Ferret Formulary

DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTES
PRE-MEDICATION
Atropine 0.04-0.05 mg/kg SC, IM, IV 4, 8
Glycopyrolate 0.01 mg/kg SC, IM 4, 8
Acepromazine 0.1-0.5 mg/kg SC, IM 4, 8
Diazepam 0.5-3 mg/kg SC, IM 4, 8
ANESTHETICS
Ketamine 10-60 mg/kg IM 4, 8
Ketamine/Xylazine 10-30/1-6 mg/kg IM 4, 8
Ketamine/Butorphanol/Xylazine 15/0.2/2 mg/kg IM 3
Telazol 12-22 mg/kg IM 3
Propofol 1-8 mg/kg IV 3, 8
Isoflurane To effect Inhalation
OPIOIDS
Morphine 0.2-5 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 3-4 hrs 3, 8 May vomit, bradycardia and respiratory depression if >0.5 mg/kg
Buprenophine 0.01-0.05 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 6-8 hrs 3, 8
Butorphanol 0.05-0.8 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q. 1-2 hrs 3, 8
NON-OPIOIDS
Flunixin 0.3-2 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, IV q. 24 hrs 4, 8
Ketoprofen 1-3 mg/kg SC, IM, IV, PO q. 24 hrs 3, 8
Carprofen 1-5 mg/kg SC, IM, IV, PO q. 24 hrs 3, 8
Meoxicam 0.2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV, PO q. 24 hrs 3, 8